| Term |
Description |
| Operator |
Operator is a company, which controls and manages the traffic of telephone calls both terrestrial and cellular. |
| International gateway |
International gateway exchange is a telephone switch that forms the gateway between a national telephone network and one or more other international gateway exchanges, thus providing cross-border connectivity, control and tracking of usage. |
| Fraudulent Calls |
Fraudulent Calls are calls associated with a service provided by an unrelated and independent third party who illegally uses the network of a legal Wireless Carrier for data service or voice service to allow them to serve telecommunication services at a much discounted rate. |
| Bypass Fraud |
Bypass Fraud is an unauthorized manipulation or exploitation of an operator's network. This problem has been evidenced in two areas: the first is Interconnect Fraud and the second is GSM Gateway Fraud. |
| Interconnect fraud |
Interconnect fraud involves the manipulation, falsification or removal of records by operators to deliberately miscalculate the money owed by one Telco to another. There are many forms of Interconnect fraud including. |
| International Bypass |
International Bypass sometimes called International Simple Resale or ISR, involves landing off-net calls onto an operator's network but avoiding the international gateway to avoid the International interconnect charges. Another interconnect fraud is refilling it involves the manipulation by a Telco of the origination call identification information of a call before passing that call to an interconnecting partner. This practice can allow the originating or transit operator to make the call appear as a local or national call to the terminating operator, rather than as an international call, thereby attracting a lower settlement charge. |
| GSM Bypass |
GSM Bypass involves landing off-net calls onto a mobile operator's network, normally through the use of a SIM box, avoiding the GSM gateway and thereby evading the GSM interconnect charge. GSM Gateway Fraud is a thread and problem evolving new business models. The low cost of set-up permits to deploy it anywhere where internet available |
| Grey Market |
Grey Market is the total of criminal operators who practice methods to commit bypass fraud where they exploit illegal and unofficial traffic of voice over the internet or masking calls as having been originated locally in where the legally established operators are unable to identify these calls as fraudulent (change to international) and protect their networks from being used illegally. |
| Grey Route |
Grey Route is the arrangements that fall outside the regular course of business between the licensed telecoms companies in each country. The grey part of the route is usually realized at the far end where the call is terminated. Up to that point, the call is delivered normally and the call transfers from the subscriber to the sending carrier and then to the sending carrier and the satellite or cable operator for the trunk part of the call.
The 'grey'-ness arises because the terminating end the call is made to appear as if it originates locally, as a domestic call, or arrives as an internet delivered call, rather than a more expensive standard international call.
|
| SIM Box |
SIM Box is a piece of hardware which houses one ore more SIM Boards. Should the SIM Box service numbers unlisted by the local carrier it then becomes a source of Grey Routes and part of the Grey Market used to dodge full-rate interconnection fees. These are illegal devices used by Grey Route operators. When set up with a satellite dish which picks up satellite based international traffic the SIM box is able to bypass the legal operator through installing low cost prepaid SIM cards. |
| IP Cloud |
IP Cloud The term IP Cloud is generally refereed to represent any part of Internet through which data passes between two end points. The word cloud is used to refer to an unpredictable part of a network. This is because in the Internet, the path on which a data travels can vary for different packets of data. |
| Mobile Spectrum |
Mobile Spectrum is a service which provides the tools your workforce needs to collect data from the field and transmit it to a centralized location. Not only can you speed up field data collection, but you also have a central repository from which you can consolidate, monitor and report on the data that's collected. By using a central data warehouse with one access point means no more cross-departmental confusion. And, with quicker access to data, your teams can make quicker, better business decisions. That's why 'Mobile Spectrum' is so powerful - and you also can respond immediately to field data that is outside of control limits. |
| Roaming |
Roaming is a general term referring to the extension of connectivity service in a location served by provider that is different from the provider at the home location where the service was registered. Roaming ensures that the wireless device is kept connected to the network, without losing the connection. The term "roaming" originates from the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) sphere; the term "roaming" can also be applied to the CDMA technology. Traditional GSM Roaming is defined (cf. GSM Association Permanent Reference Document AA.39) as the ability for a cellular customer to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services, including home data services, when traveling outside the geographical coverage area of the home network, by means of using a visited network. This can be done by using a communication terminal or else just by using the subscriber identity in the visited network. Roaming is technically supported by mobility management, authentication, authorization and billing procedures. |
| CLI |
CLI stands for "Caller Line Identification" and it is this facility which allows for Caller ID where customers can see who is calling them before they answer the phone. |
| PDD |
PDD is the time between dialing the last digit of a telephone number and the start of the destination phone ringing or giving a busy tone. |
| VOIP |
VOIP Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP) is any of a family of methodologies, communication protocols, and transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. |
| QOS |
QOS (Quality of Service) is a major issue in VOIP implementations. The issue is how to guarantee that packet traffic for a voice or other media connection will not be delayed or dropped due interference from other lower priority traffic. QOS also refers to a broad collection of networking technologies and techniques. The goal of QOS is to provide guarantees on the ability of a network to deliver predictable results. Elements of network performance within the scope of QOS often include availability (uptime), bandwidth (throughput), latency (delay), and error rate. |
| Revenue assurance |
Revenue assurance (RA) is a niche business activity most commonly undertaken within businesses that provide telecommunication services. The activity is the use of data quality and process improvement methods that improve profits, revenues and cash flows without influencing demand. Revenue assurance is a practical response to recognized issues with operational underperformance, most commonly relating to billing and collection of revenue. Some of the procedures associated with identifying, remedying or preventing errors may be undertaken by a dedicated Revenue Assurance department, though responsibility for revenue assurance is often diffuse and varies greatly with the organizational structure of the provider. |
| Test Call Generator |
Test Call Generator (TCGs) are revenue assurance solutions that replicate events on a telecoms network to identify potential revenue leakage and to help achieve regulatory compliance. Both cellular and fixed-line telecom operators utilize test call generators to independently test their networks for call detail record (CDR) reconciliation and validate call start-time/duration metering and telecommunications rating. |
| CDMA |
CDMA Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. It should not be confused with the mobile phone standards called cdmaOne and CDMA2000 (often referred to as simply CDMA), which use CDMA as an underlying channel access method. |
| TDMA |
TDMA is Time Division Multiple Access satellite and cellular phone air interface that interleaves multiple digital signals onto a single high-speed channel. For cellular systems, TDMA triples the capacity of the earlier analog method (FDMA). TDMA divides each channel into three sub channels providing service to three users instead of one. The GSM cellular system is based on TDMA, but GSM defines the entire network, not just the air interface. See cellular generations, FDMA, CDMA and CDPD. |
| GSM |
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. |
| VSAT |
VSAT is Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT), is a two-way satellite ground station or a stabilized maritime VSAT antenna with a dish antenna that is smaller than 3 meters. The majority of VSAT antennas range from 75 cm to 1.2 m. Data rates typically range from 56 Kbit/s up to 4 Mbit/s. VSATs access satellites in geosynchronous orbit to relay data from small remote earth stations (terminals) to other terminals (in mesh configurations) or master earth station "hubs" (in star configurations). |
| Telecom Fraud |
Telecom Fraud is the theft of telecommunication service (telephones, cell phones, computers etc.) or the use of telecommunication service to commit other forms of fraud. Victims include consumers, businesses and communication service providers. |
| VoIP |
VoIP is a technology that allows telephone calls to be made over computer networks like the Internet. VoIP converts analog voice signals into digital data packets and supports real-time, two-way transmission of conversations using Internet Protocol (IP). |
| On-net |
On-net means the calls originated and terminated on the same operators subscriber |
| Local calls |
Local calls means the calls originated and terminated inside the country. |
| Off-net |
Off-net is the calls which are made from one operator's subscriber to another operator's subscriber. |
| White route |
White route is, in the telecommunications business, is a route where both source and destination are legal termination. |
| Black route |
Black route is a route that is illegal in both ends. |
| Grey route |
Grey route is defines as route that is legal for one country or the party on one end, but illegal on the alternative end. |
| EDGE |
Enhance data for GSM Evolution |
| GPRS |
General Packet Radio Service |
| NGN |
Next Generation Migration core Network |
| SMS |
Short Message Service |
| SIM |
Subscriber Identity Module |
| VAS |
Value added Services |
